Mesothelioma

Unless otherwise stated, this information is provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). This information may not be the most current available. For the most up to date information visit the NCI’s web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER

General Information About Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lining of the chest or abdomen. Malignant mesothelioma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the pleura (the thin layer of tissue that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs) or the peritoneum (the thin layer of tissue that lines the abdomen and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). This summary is about malignant mesothelioma of the pleura.

Being exposed to asbestos can affect the risk of developing malignant mesothelioma. Many people with malignant mesothelioma have worked or lived in places where they inhaled or swallowed asbestos. After being exposed to asbestos, it usually takes a long time for malignant mesothelioma to occur. Other risk factors for malignant mesothelioma include the following:

• Living with a person who works near asbestos.
• Being exposed to a certain virus.

Possible signs of malignant mesothelioma include shortness of breath and pain under the rib cage. Sometimes the cancer causes fluid to collect around the lung or in the abdomen. These symptoms may be caused by the fluid or malignant mesothelioma. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. A doctor should be consulted if any of the following problems occur:

• Trouble breathing.
• Pain under the rib cage.
• Pain or swelling in the abdomen.
• Lumps in the abdomen.
• Weight loss for no known reason.

Tests that examine the inside of the chest and abdomen are used to detect (find) and diagnose malignant mesothelioma. Sometimes it is hard to tell the difference between malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. The following tests and procedures may be used:

• Physical exam and history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits, exposure to asbestos, past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.
• Chest x-ray: An x-ray of the organs and bones inside the chest. An x-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and onto film, making a picture of areas inside the body.
• Complete blood count (CBC): A procedure in which a sample of blood is drawn and checked for the following:
  • The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
  • The amount of hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) in the red blood cells.
  • The portion of the blood sample made up of red blood cells.
• Sedimentation rate: A procedure in which a sample of blood is drawn and checked for the rate at which the red blood cells settle to the bottom of the test tube.
• Biopsy: The removal of cells or tissues from the pleura or peritoneum so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer. Procedures used to collect the cells or tissues include the following:
  • Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: The removal of part of a lump, suspicious tissue, or fluid, using a thin needle. This procedure is also called a needle biopsy.
  • Thoracoscopy: An incision (cut) is made between two ribs and a thoracoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted into the chest.
  • Peritoneoscopy: An incision (cut) is made in the abdominal wall and a peritoneoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted into the abdomen.
  • Laparotomy: An incision (cut) is made in the wall of the abdomen to check the inside of the abdomen for signs of disease.
  • Thoracotomy: An incision (cut) is made between two ribs to check inside the chest for signs of disease.
• Bronchoscopy: A procedure to look inside the trachea and large airways in the lung for abnormal areas. A bronchoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted through the nose or mouth into the trachea and lungs. Tissue samples may be taken for biopsy.
• Cytologic exam: An exam of cells under a microscope (by a pathologist) to check for anything abnormal. For mesothelioma, fluid is taken from around the lungs or from the abdomen. A pathologist checks the cells in the fluid.

Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:

• The stage of the cancer.
• The size of the tumor.
• Whether the tumor can be removed completely by surgery.
• The amount of fluid in the chest or abdomen.
• The patient's age and general health, including lung and heart health.
• The type of mesothelioma cancer cells and how they look under a microscope.
• Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back).

Helpful Resources

American Cancer Society, Inc. 

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Atlanta, GA 30329

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Tel: 4043203333

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Email: None.

Internet: http://www.cancer.org



American Lung Association

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New York, NY 10006

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Tel: 2123158700

Fax: 2123158870

Tel: 8005864872

Internet: http://www.lungusa.org



National Cancer Institute

6116 Execuite Blvd, MSC 8322, Rm 3036A

Bethesda, MD 20892-8322

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Tel: 3014353848

Tel: 8004226237

TDD: 8003328615

Internet: http://www.cancer.gov



National Cancer Information Center

514 10th Street NW

Suite 400

Washington, DC 20004

Tel: (301)929-8243

Tel: (800)227-2345



Canadian Cancer Society

10 Alcorn Avenue

Suite 200

Toronto

Toronto, M4V 3B1

Canada

Tel: (416) 961-7223

Fax: (416) 961-4189

Tel: (888) 939-3333

Email: ccs@cancer.ca

Internet: http://www.cancer.ca/



Cancer Care, Inc.

275 Seventh Avenue

New York, NY 10001

Tel: (212)302-2400

Fax: (212)719-0263

Tel: (800)813-4673

Email: info@cancercare.org

Internet: http://www.cancercare.org



Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Inc.

1123 Chapala Street #200

P.O. Box 91840

Santa Barbara, CA 93190-1840

USA

Tel: 8055608942

Fax: 8055608962

Email: j-wayne@marf.org

Internet: http://www.marf.org



Rare Cancer Alliance

1649 North Pacana Way

Green Valley, AZ 85614

USA

Tel: 5206255495

Fax: 6155264921

Email: sharon.lane@rare-cancer.org

Internet: http://www.rare-cancer.org



Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization

1525 Aviation Boulevard

Suite 318

Redondo Beach, CA 90278

Tel: (310)480-2989

Fax: (310)798-9235

Email: info@AsbestosDiseaseAwareness.org

Internet: http://www.asbestosdiseaseawareness.org


National Organization for Rare Disorders
P.O. Box 1968

 Danbury, CT 06813-1968

Tel: (203) 744-0100

Internet: www.rarediseases.org 

Eemail orphan@rarediseases.org